History about the name of Pakistan

How and who suggested the name of Pakistan

The name Pakistan literally means "land of the pure" in Urdu and Persian. It alludes to the word پاک (pāk) meaning "pure" in Persian and Pashto.^[45] The suffix ـستان (-stān) is a Persian suffix meaning the place of, and also recalls the synonymous (and cognate) Sanskrit word स्थान (sthāna).^[46]

The name of the country was coined in 1933 as Pakstan by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan Movement activist, who published it in his pamphlet Now or Never,^[47] using it as an acronym ("thirty million Muslim brethren who live in PAKSTAN") referring to the names of the five northern regions of British India: Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan.^[48][49][50] The letter i was incorporated to ease pronunciation.^[51]

About Pakistan

Pakistan

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This article is about the country. For other uses, see Pakistan (disambiguation).

Islamic Republic of Pakistan اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاكِستان (Urdu) Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān[1]
Flag State emblem
Motto: Īmān, Ittihād, Nazam ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu) "Faith, Unity, Discipline" [2]
Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah قَومی ترانہ "The National Anthem"[3] MENU 0:00
Land controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green
Capital	Islamabad 33°41′30″N 73°03′00″E
Largest city	Karachi 24°51′36″N 67°00′36″E
Official languages	English Urdu[4][5][6][7][8]
Recognised regional languages	Provincial level[show]
National languages	Urdu[11][12]
Auxiliary languages	Arabic[13]
Ethnic groups	44.7% Punjabis 15.4% Pashtuns 14.1% Sindhis 8.4% Saraikis 7.6% Muhajirs 3.6% Balochs 6.3% others[14]
Religion	96.0% Islam (Official)[15] 1.85% Hinduism 1.5% Christianity[16] 0.6% others
Demonym(s)	Pakistani
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
• President	Arif Alvi
• Prime Minister	Imran Khan
• Chairman of the Senate	Sadiq Sanjrani
• Speaker of the National Assembly	Asad Qaiser
• Chief Justice	Asif Saeed Khan Khosa
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	National Assembly
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Dominion	14 August 1947
• Islamic Republic	23 March 1956
• Current constitution	14 August 1973
Area
• Total	881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi)[a][18] (33rd)
• Water (%)	2.86
Population
• 2017 census	212,742,631[19] (5th)
• Density	244.4/km2 (633.0/sq mi) (56th)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$1.195 trillion[20] (24th)
• Per capita	$5,839[20] (133rd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$278.019 billion[20] (40th)
• Per capita	$1,357[20] (148th)
Gini (2015)	33.5[21] medium
HDI (2017)	0.562[22] medium · 150th
Currency	Pakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)
Time zone	UTC+5b (PST)
Driving side	left[23]
Calling code	+92
ISO 3166 code	PK
Internet TLD	.pk
Website www.pakistan.gov.pk
See also Pakistani English.:^α ^ The Arabic language is officially recognised by the constitution of Pakistan.[13]

Pakistan,^[b] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,^[c] is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people.^[19] In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent. The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Seleucid Empire, the Indian Maurya Empire, the Gupta Empire,^[24] the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially) and, most recently, the British Indian Empire.^[25][26] Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam.^[25][26] It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.^[27] In 1973, Pakistan adopted a new constitution which stipulated that all laws are to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.^[28]

A regional^[29][30][31] and middle power,^[32][33][34] Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state, the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status. Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector and a growing services sector.^[35][36] It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world,^[37][38] and is backed by one of the world's largest and fastest-growing middle class.^[39][40] Pakistan's political history since independence has been characterized by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with India. The country continues to face challenging problems, including overpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, and corruption.^{[41][42][43][44]} Pakistan is a member of the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the OIC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the SAARC and the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition.